C program to count frequency of each character in a string

Write a C program to count frequency of each character in a string using loop. How to find frequency of each characters in a string in C programming. Logic to count frequency of each character in a given string in C program.

Input string: Codeforwin

Frequency of all characters in the given string:
'c' = 1
'd' = 1
'e' = 1
'f' = 1
'i' = 1
'n' = 1
'o' = 2
'r' = 1
'w' = 1

Required knowledge

Basic C programming, If else, For loop, Array, String

Read more – Program to count frequency of each element in given array

Logic to count frequency of each character

There are many algorithms to count frequency of each character. Here I am explaining the easiest one.

1. Input string from user, store it in some variable say str.
2. To count and store frequency of each alphabet we need an array, say freq[26]. An array of size 26 (since there are 26 alphabets). Each element of the array will hold the occurrence of specific alphabet. For example
   array[0] will hold the occurrence of a or A alphabet, similarly
   array[1] will hold frequency of b and so on
   array[25] will hold frequency of z.
3. Before you begin any processing with the string make sure that freq array elements are initialized to 0.
4. Then for each character ch in the string str repeat next step.
5. If ch == ‘a’ then increment the value of freq[0]++ by one. Similarly if(ch == ‘z’) then increment freq[25]++.

   Now, to make things little easier and to work with every character in the given string we use below logic to increment freq. We use,
   freq[ch – 97] (For lowercase alphabets) and
   freq[ch – 65] (For uppercase alphabets)

6. You might think why we have used these values ch – 97 and what it will do? Since, ASCII value of a is 97, b is 98 and so on. Suppose ch = ‘c’ then we need to increment the value of freq[2] by one.
   Lets, do a simple mathematics
   => freq[ ch – 97 ]
   => freq[ 99 – 97 ] (since ASCII value of c=97)
   => freq[ 2 ]
   which works.
   You can apply the same mathematics with the upper case alphabets i.e. if(ch == ‘Z’) then we need to perform freq[ ch – 65 ].

Program to count frequency of each character

/**
 * C program to count frequency of each character in a string
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 100 // Maximum string size

int main()
{
    char str[MAX_SIZE];
    int i, len;
    int freq[26];

    /* Input string from user */
    printf("Enter any string: ");
    gets(str);

    len = strlen(str);

    /* Initialize frequency of each character to 0 */
    for(i=0; i<26; i++)
    {
        freq[i] = 0;
    }


    /* Find total number of occurrences of each character */
    for(i=0; i<len; i++)
    {
        /* If the current character is lowercase alphabet */
        if(str[i]>='a' && str[i]<='z')
        {
            freq[str[i] - 97]++;
        }
        else if(str[i]>='A' && str[i]<='Z')
        {
            freq[str[i] - 65]++;
        }
    }

    /* Print the frequency of all characters in the string */
    printf("\nFrequency of all characters in the given string: \n");
    for(i=0; i<26; i++)
    {
        /* If current character exists in given string */
        if(freq[i] != 0)
        {
            printf("'%c' = %d\n", (i + 97), freq[i]);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

Enter any string: Codeforwin

Frequency of all characters in the given string:
'c' = 1
'd' = 1
'e' = 1
'f' = 1
'i' = 1
'n' = 1
'o' = 2
'r' = 1
'w' = 1

Happy coding